1. Identify the component to test (controller, repository, service).
2. Select the appropriate testing slice (@WebMvcTest, @DataJpaTest, JUnit).
3. Configure the test environment (mock dependencies, set up Testcontainers).
4. Write tests using AssertJ for readable assertions.
5. Run tests and analyze results.
6. Refactor code if necessary to improve testability.
7. Track code coverage to ensure adequate testing.