Define JPA entities with appropriate annotations for mapping to database tables.
Configure relationships between entities using annotations like `@OneToMany`, `@ManyToOne`, etc.
Create JPA repositories extending `JpaRepository` for data access.
Implement custom queries using JPQL or native SQL.
Annotate service methods with `@Transactional` for transaction management.
Configure connection pooling using HikariCP properties.
Add indexes to database tables for improved query performance.